Protein and mineral metabolism in pregnant sows on a normal or high calcium diet compared with a calcium-deficient diet

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Abstract
(1) The physiological effects of calcium-deficiency on pregnant sows are briefly discussed. Results are given which demonstrate that a deficiency of lime in the food has no detrimental effect on the live weight of the young piglings at birth thus showing that up to parturition it is the mother organism that suffers and not the offspring. (2) Storage of nitrogen takes place throughout pregnancy but the results indicate a considerably enhanced conservation within three weeks of parturition. The average daily retention of nitrogen by the high-calcium group of sows was 12·51 gm. and by the calcium-deficient group 9·78 gm. The normal sows therefore stored 1439 gm. N and the calcium-deficient 1125 gm. N during the gestation period. It is shown that storage of protein during pregnancy is greatly in excess of the foetal requirement, so that the mother organism, during gestation, adds on a reserve supply of protein in preparation for parturition and lactation. (3) Ash ingredients were retained at all stages of gestation by both groups of sows. The addition of calcium carbonate to the food, however, resulted in an increased retention of ash. The percentage of the ash intake in the faeces was very similar in both groups, but the percentage of the intake in the urine was distinctly higher in the calcium-deficient sows indicating a more economical utilisation of ash by this group.

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