Analysis of Surface Wind and Its Gradient In a Mesoscale Wind Observation Network

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Abstract
The surface wind is analysed with an optimum interpolation method. Covariances and long-term averages of wind observations are parameterized from data in the fairly dense synoptic wind observation network in the Netherlands. The analysis scheme leads to an rms error of 1.5 m s−1 in wind speed estimates. The error is approximately normally distributed, with a maximum value of 7 m s−1 associated with heavy rainshower conditions. Derived surface wind divergence and vorticity agree quantitatively with independently estimated values.