Perioperative anaesthetic considerations for patients undergoing lung transplantation
- 1 March 1997
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Springer Nature in Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie
- Vol. 44 (3) , 284-299
- https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03015367
Abstract
Five thousand. two hundred and eight lung transplants were performed worldwide before April, 1996. This review will discuss lung transplantation from an historical perspective, its indications, donor and recipient selection criteria, donor lung preparation, surgical considerations, perioperative anaesthetic management, and associated morbidity and mortality. Recent literature on penoperative anaesthetic management of lung transplantation and experience from international centres including the Toronto Lung Transplant Group and the St. Louis Lung Transplant Group. Lung transplantation comprises of a family of operations, including single lung transplant, bilateral single lung transplant, lobar transplant and block heart-lung transplant Improved donor lung preservation techniques have increased the duration of cold ischaemic time. The advent of bilateral single lung transplant has decreased the requirement for cardiopulmonary bypass, and airway complications have been reduced by adoption of the telescoping bronchial anastomoses. Advances in perioperative monitoring (including transoesophgeal echocardiography). pulmonary vasodilators (e.g., nitric oxide and prostaglandin E1), cardiopulmonary bypass and ventilatory management, and a better understanding of the pathophysiological processes during the procedure have improved penoperative anaesthetic management. Also, advances in broad spectrum antibiotics and immunosuppressant drugs have improved the outcome by better management of the complications of infection and rejection. Lung transplantation improves the quality of life with marginal improvement in life expectancy of the recipients. It is an expensive procedure requinng continued resources for long term management of these patients. Jusqu’en avnl 1996, cinq mille, deux cent huit transplantations de poumons avaient déjà été effectuées à travers le monde. Ce survol permettra de discuter de la transplantation pulmonaire dans sa perspective historique, ses indications, les critères de sélection du receveur et du donneur, la préparation du poumon du donneur, les considérations chirurgicales, la gestion pénopératoire de l’anesthésie et la mortalité et la morbidité associées. Les publications récentes traitant de la gestion périopératoire de la transplantation pulmonaire et de l’expérience acquise par des centres internationaux dont le TorontoLung Transplant Group et leSt.Louis Lung Transplant Group. La transplantation pulmonaire englobe une famille d’interventions dont la transplantation unipulmonaire. bilatérale simple, lobaire et coeur-poumons en bloc. Lamélioration des techniques de préservation des poumons du donneur a permis l’amélioration de la durée de l’ischémie froide. L’avènement de la transplantation bilatérale simple a réduit la nécessité de la circulation extracorporelle et l’introduction des anastomoses télescopiques a permis de réduire les complications particulières aux voies aériennes. Le perfectionnement du monitorage pénopératoire (dont l’échographie transoesophagienne), des vasodilatateurs pulmonaires (par ex., l’oxyde nitrique et la prostaglandine El), de la gestion de la circulation extracorporelle et de la ventilation, et une meilleure connaissance du processus physiopathologique propre à l’intervention ont permis d’améliorer la conduite anesthésique périopératoire. Également, les progrès réalisés dans l’antibiothérapie à large spectre autorisent un pronostic plus favorable grâce à un meilleur contrôle de l’infection et du rejet. La transplantation pulmonaire améliore considérablement la qualité de vie mais marginalement l’expectative vitale. Elle coûte cher et requiert des ressources continues pour la prise en charge à long terme des transplantés.Keywords
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