An assessment of assumed strain methods in finite rotation shell analysis

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Abstract
A critical assessment of the 4-node assumed strain element as proposed by Dvorkin and Bathe is made. The element performed excellently in all investigated shell problems which sometimes caused difficulties for other assumed strain techniques. For efficient computation in the non-linear range, linearization of the virtual work equation is done to yield the consistent tangent stiffness. The shell formulation is done for stress and strain tensors based on local element coordinates. To demonstrate the effectiveness and rapid convergence of the non-linear formulation, three examples are tested for large displacements.