Protease inhibitor exposure and increased risk of cardiovascular disease in HIV‐infected patients

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Abstract
Objectives: To study the relationship between exposure to protease inhibitor (PI) therapy and increased risk of cardiovascular events in HIV‐infected patients.Methods: We estimated the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events with PI exposure in a cohort of HIV‐infected patients using a time‐dependent Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for the major CVD risk factors. Only the first CVD event for each subject was counted.Results: Of a total of 7542 patients, 77% were exposed to PIs. CVD event rates were 9.8/1000 and 6.5/1000 person–years of follow‐up (PYFU) in the PI‐exposed and nonexposed groups, respectively (P=0.0008). PI exposure ≥60 days was associated with an increased risk of CVD event [adjusted hazards ratio (HRadj) 1.71; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–2.74; P=0.03]. Results from a subgroup of patients aged between 35 and 65 years were similar (HRadj 1.90; 95% CI 1.13–3.20; P=0.02). Other significant risk factors included smoking status, age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and pre‐existing CVD.Conclusions: Patients exposed to PI therapy had an increased risk of CVD events. Clinicians should evaluate the risk of CVD when making treatment decisions for HIV‐infected patients.

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