Isolation and Preparation of Pretyrosine, Accumulated as a Dead-End Metabolite by Neurospora crassa

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Abstract
Pretyrosine is an amino acid intermediate of phenylalanine and/or tyrosine biosyntheses in a variety of organisms. A procedure for the isolation of high-quality pretyrosine as the barium salt is described. Stable solutions of ammonium pretyrosine that are suitable for use as substrate in enzyme assays can be prepared in good yield with relatively few purification steps. A triple mutant of Neurospora crassa , bearing genetic blocks corresponding to each initial enzyme step of the three pathway branchlets leading to the aromatic amino acids, accumulates prephenate and pretyrosine. Although the time courses of prephenate and pretyrosine accumulations were found to be parallel in any given experiment, the ratios of the two metabolites varied as much as 100-fold depending upon such variables as carbon source, temperature of growth, accumulation, and especially the presence of aromatic pathway metabolites. Under appropriate nutritional conditions of accumulation, pretyrosine concentrations in excess of 4 mM in culture supernatant fluids were obtained. Strains individually auxotrophic for phenylalanine or tyrosine accumulate lesser amounts of prephenate and pretyrosine. The metabolic blocks of the mutant result in high intracellular levels of prephenate, which is then partially transaminated to pretyrosine. In N. crassa , pretyrosine is a dead-end metabolite since it is not enzymatically converted to phenylalanine or tyrosine. At a mildly acidic pH, pretyrosine is quantitatively converted to phenylalanine in a nonenzymatic reaction.