Formation of Stacking Faults in Pure Ice Single Crystals by Cooling

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Abstract
Fault vectors of various stacking faults formed in pure ice single crystals by cooling were determined from combinations of X-ray diffraction topographs taken with various diffracting planes. It was found that the formation of stacking faults is accompanied by the dissociation of perfect dislocations with Burgers vector b= a+ c. The concentration of excess self-interstitials which precipitated to form faulted dislocation loops during cooling by several tens of degrees was estimated to be 1016 cm-3 from the density of loops observed. Such a concentration of point defects in ice crystals, higher than previous estimates, casts a new light on the understanding of structure-sensitive properties of ice.