Melatonin, a suppressor of spontaneous murine mammary tumors

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Abstract
The effect of prolonged, oral melatonin treatment on spontaneous mammary tumor development in female C3H/Jax mice was studied. Melatonin was administered at a dose of 25 μg/mouse/day from 21 to 44 days of age and 50 μg/mouse/day from day 45 onwards. By the age of 12 months, 62.5% of control animals developed tumors as opposed to 23.1% in the melatonin treated group (P < 0.02). In both control and treated mice, the thoracic pairs of mammary glands were obviously more susceptible to spontaneous mammary tumor development, as at least 50% of the total tumors developed in this region. Reduction in submaxillary and pituitary gland weights of treated animals was observed at necropsy (P < 0.001). Decreased serum 17‐β‐estradiol (E2) levels in melatonin treated mice (P < 0.05) and a marked reduction in [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA of melatonin‐treated mammary glands (P < 0.02) positively correlated with the sparse mammary gland development seen in these mice. These observations indicate that at the given dose level, melatonin modulates the degree of development of the mammary epithelium, subsequently reducing spontaneous mammary tumor incidence in these high risk mice.