Mutans streptococci and caries prevalence in preschool children

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Abstract
– Numerous studies have reported a correlation between mutans streptococci levels and dental caries. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between salivary mutans streptococci levels and caries in preschool children of low socioeconomic status. A total of 462 Head Start children, mean age 3.8 yr (range 2.0‐5.3 yr), were examined by the modified method of Radike. Saliva samples from 458 of these children were collected with tongue blades and impressed onto mutans streptococci selective agar. Children's mutans streptococci levels were categorized as low (0 CPU), moderate (1–50 CPU) or high (>50 CPU), and the mean dmfs was 0.40, 1.92 and 4.88, respectively. All study groups (Black, Hispanic and White) had infection rates of approximately 83%; however, 39.1% of Black children had high mutans streptococci levels compared with 28.4% of White children. Pit/fissure caries was the most prevalent disease type in children with moderate or high mutans streptococci levels, although White children in the high group had significantly less of this pattern than Blacks and Hispanics. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for the high mutans streptococci group were 91.3%, 57.5%. 69.3% and 86.3%. Results from this study indicate that differences between Black, Hispanic and While preschool children may influence caries activity within populations that have similar mutans streptococci infection levels and socioeconomic backgrounds.