Additional routes in the metabolism of phenacetin

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Abstract
1. ω-Hydroxylation of the ethyl moiety of phenacetin by rabbit-liver microsomal preparations was slow, but was increased 10-fold by pretreatment of the animals with phenobarbitone (PB), and was decreased 2·8-fold by treatment with 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) or β-naphthoflavone (β-NF). 2. N-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]acetamide (β-HAP), the ω-hydroxylation product, which was detected in trace amounts only in the urine of rabbits injected with phenacetin, was converted into [4-(acetylamino)phenoxy]acetic acid (4-APA) by the microsomal and cytosolic fraction of liver homogenate and NADP+ or NAD+. Rabbits excreted 56% of a dose of β-HAP as 4-APA in the 48 h urine. 3. Phenacetin, injected i.p. into rabbits previously treated with PB, was excreted in the urine as 4-APA (12·2% of dose). 4. β-HAP formed endogenously or added as substrate in vitro was recovered as the O-acetyl derivative, when ethyl acetate was used for extraction of metabolites from microsomal incubation mixtures. 5. (ω-1)-Hydroxylation of the ethyl moiety of phenacetin, which gave 4-acetamido-phenol, occurred rapidly with rabbit-liver microsomal preparations, and was not increased significantly after pretreatment of animals with either PB or 3-MC. 6. ω-Hydroxylation of the acetic moiety of phenacetin by rabbit-liver preparations to give N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)glycolamide (4-GAP) was slow, but was increased three-fold after pretreatment of animals with 3-MC or β-NF, whereas PB had no effect. 4-GAP was detected in trace amounts only in the urine of rabbits injected i.p. with phenacetin. 7. N-Hydroxylation of phenacetin by rabbit-liver microsomal preparations was slow, but increased three-fold after treatment of animals with 3-MC, and was unchanged by PB. 8. N-Hydroxylation of phenacetin by hepatic microsomes from 3-MC-treated rabbits was 26 times slower than that of 2-acetylaminofluorene; no N-hydroxy derivatives of N-(4-chlorophenyl)acetamide and propanil were detected in vitro.