Residual Viral Replication during Antiretroviral Therapy Boosts Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific CD8+T-Cell Responses in Subjects Treated Early after Infection

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Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected subjects treated early after infection have preserved HIV-1-specific CD4+T-cell function. We studied the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the frequency of HIV-1-specific CD8+T cells in patients treated during early (n= 31) or chronic (n= 23) infection. The degree of viral suppression and time of initiation of treatment influenced the magnitude of the CD8+T-cell response. HIV-1-specific CD8+T cells can increase in number after HAART in subjects treated early after infection who have episodes of transient viremia.

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