Glutamic acid 327 in the sheep α 1 isoform of Na+,K+-ATPase is a pivotal residue for cation-induced conformational changes

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Abstract
The cation binding characteristics of the mutant E327A formed in the sheep alpha 1 isoform of the Na+,K(+)-ATPase were examined using [3H]ouabain binding as a function of monovalent cation concentrations. Equilibrium competition binding assays in the presence of Mg2+, inorganic phosphate and various amounts of unlabelled ouabain indicated that both wild-type sheep alpha 1 protein and the E327A mutant expressed in 3T3 cells had similar affinities for ouabain (KD = 1.53 and 1.31 nM respectively). Sodium inhibition of ouabain binding appeared competitive in both enzymes. However, binding of three Na+ ions was required to explain the steep character of the Na+ inhibition curve for the wild-type Na+,K(+)-ATPase (Ki = 12.8 +/- 1.6 mM), whereas the binding of two Na+ ions was detected for the mutant E327A (Ki = 19.2 +/- 2.5 mM). Potassium binding of [3H]ouabain binding displayed a partially competitive nature with Hill coefficients of 2 for both wild-type sheep alpha 1 (Ki = 0.743 +/- 0.044 mM) and E327A (Ki = 0.875 +/- 0.067 mM). At concentrations of K+ above 10 mM, the sheep alpha 1 competition curve levelled off whereas the inhibition curve for E327A displayed a stimulation in ouabain binding. This stimulation in [3H]ouabain binding also occurred with Rb+, Cs+ and Li+, but was never observed with choline or Na+, suggesting that this effect was not due to ionic strength. From these [3H]ouabain-binding studies, it is obvious that the mutant enzyme E327A in the presence of Mg2+, Pi and ouabain, interacts with monovalent cations in a unique fashion. One interpretation of these data is that the glutamic acid residue at position 327 is involved in a conformational transition induced by the binding of monovalent cations to the Na+,K+-ATPase and that this transition is inhibited by the mutation of E327A.