Blood pressure change in a free-living population-based dietary modification study in Japan

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Abstract
To assess whether dietary intervention in free-living healthy subjects is effective in improving blood pressure levels. Open randomised, controlled trial. Free-living healthy subjects in two rural villages in north-eastern Japan. Five hundred and fifty healthy volunteers aged 40-69 years. Tailored dietary education to encourage a decrease in sodium intake and an increase in the intake of vitamin C and carotene, and of fruit and vegetables. Blood pressure, dietary intake and urinary excretion of sodium, dietary carotene and vitamin C, and fruit and vegetable intake data were collected at 1 year after the start of the intervention. During the first year, changes differed significantly between the intervention and control groups for dietary (P = 0.002) and urinary excretion (P < 0.001) of sodium and dietary vitamin C and carotene (P = 0.003). Systolic blood pressure decreased from 127.9 to 125.2 mmHg (2.7 mmHg decrease; 95% confidence interval, -4.6 to -0.8) in the intervention group, whereas it increased from 128.0 to 128.5 mmHg (0.5 increase; -1.3 to 2.3) in the control group. This change was statistically significant (P = 0.007). In contrast, the change in diastolic blood pressure did not significantly differ between the groups. In hypertensive subjects, a significant difference in systolic blood pressure reduction was seen between the groups (P = 0.032). Moderate-intensity dietary counseling in free-living healthy subjects achieved significant dietary changes, which resulted in a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure.