Excitations in a thin liquidHe4film from inelastic neutron scattering

We perform a thorough analysis of the experimental dynamic structure function measured by inelastic neutron scattering for a low-temperature (T=0.65 K) four-layer liquid ${}_{}{}^4{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$ film. The results are interpreted in light of recent theoretical calculations of the (nonvortex) excitations in thin liquid Bose films. The experimental system consists of four outer liquid layers, adsorbed to two solid inner ${}_{}{}^4{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$ layers, which are themselves adsorbed to a graphite substrate. Relatively intense surface (ripplon) and bulklike modes are observed. The analysis of the experimental data gives strong evidence for still other modes and supports the long-standing theoretical predictions of layerlike modes (layer phonons) associated with excitations propagating primarily within the liquid layers comprising the film. The results of the analysis are consistent with the occurrence of level crossings between modes, and the existence of a layer modes for which the theory predicts will propagate in the vicinity of the solid-liquid interface. The theory and experiment agree on the detailed nature of the ripplon; its dispersion at low momenta, its fall off in intensity at intermediate momenta, and the level crossings at high momentum. Similar to experiment, the theory yields an intense mode in the maxon-roton region which is intrepreted as the formation of the bulklike excitation. © 1996 The American Physical Society.