Antipropulsive effects of central and peripheral morphine in the rat gastrointestinal tract

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Abstract
The antipropulsive effects of centrally or peripherally administered morphine have been examined at three levels of the rat gastrointestinal tract. Adult male rats were anaesthetized with pentobarbitone (50 mg kg−1 i.p.) and were implanted with an intraluminal catheter in either the proximal duodenum or mid-jejunum. Other animals were also implanted with a cannula in the right lateral cerebral ventricle. Gastric emptying and transit were determined selectively by measuring the progression of a radioactive chromium (CR-51) solution, given intragastrically for tests of gastric emptying or instilled into the proximal or distal intestinal catheter for determination of intestinal transit, 30 min after administration of morphine or saline given either subcutaneously (s.c.) or intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.). Morphine given either s.c. (5 mg kg−1) or i.c.v. (30 μg, total dose) significantly inhibited gastric emptying and transit through bulk portions of the small intestine indicating that by either route it inhibits propulsion at all three levels of the gastrointestinal tract.