Thioamides: Synthesis, Stability, and Immunological Activities of Thioanalogues of Imreg. Preparation of New Thioacylating Agents Using Fluorobenzimidazolone Derivatives

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Abstract
Imreg (Tyr 1-Gly 2-Gly 3) is a well-known immunostimulant. However, it possesses a short half-life. Stabilized analogues of Imreg were prepared by a regioselective insertion in which peptide bonds at position 1,2 or 2,3 were replaced by thioamide linkages. This was achieved by using new thioacylating agents based on thioacyl-fluoro-N-benzimidazolone. The synthesis and properties of these reagents are described herein. This peptide modification enhanced significantly the half-life of the thioanalogues relative to Imreg in blood. The thioanalogues and Imreg were tested in vitro in T and B cell proliferation assays and for their ability to stimulate cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs). Only thiotyrosyl glycyl glycine 11 displayed some activity as evidenced by a weak stimulation of CTLs. On the basis of this activity and the increased stability, an in vivo immunological evaluation was undertaken. Immunophenotyping of 11 revealed a significant increase in activated CTL and NK cell populations in the spleen. This expansion was also accompanied by a significant stimulation of NK cells and the B cell proliferative response. Thioanalogues of Imreg were generally nontoxic, as exemplified by 11. The latter is a promising immunostimulant which may be targeted for cancer and viral infections, where CTLs and NK cells play an important role, or as a vaccine adjuvant where stimulation of antibody-producing B cells is important.

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