Auditory Brainstem Response to Bone-conducted Clicks in Adults and Infants with Normal Hearing and Conductive Hearing Loss

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Abstract
Knowledge concerning auditory brainstem response (ABR) by bone conduction (BC) is limited, and occasionally controversial. The present study was aimed at further elaboration of this issue. The research population consisted of 107 subjects. Four groups were investigated: group 1, normal-hearing adults aged 20–37 years; group 2, 10 children aged 5.6–8.4 years, with confirmed middle ear effusion (MEE); groups 3 and 4, 22 infants, matched by pairs, aged 5–18 months, 11 with normal oloscopy and 11 with suspected MEE. Comparison between ABR by AC and BC for all four groups is discussed. We observed that the AC-ABR threshold of group 2 was statistically significantly elevated compared to group 1. The same tendency was observed for group 4 compared to group 3. In AC ABR, the mean latency of wave V was significantly prolonged, compared to that of BC ABR in children with confirmed MEE, and infants with suspected MEE. We strongly suggest that by combining AC and BC ABR, more information concerning cochlear reserve status can be obtained in infants and young children who are difficult to test, or wherever a behavioral audiogram cannot be achieved.