The physical instability of human red blood cells

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Abstract
Effects on human red cells of repeated washing and of exposure to a neutral adsorbent substance, alumina, was studied. Both of these treatments removed considerable quantities of the lipid components of the cell membrane, and caused a reduction of the cell volume. The losses sustained by the cells during these treatments could not be reversed, but were not immediately harmful. Only slight haemolysis took place during and after detachment of up to 30% of their membrane materials. The physical stability and architecture of the red-cell membrane is discussed in the light of these observations.
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