Alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine as factors in pregnancy
- 1 September 1979
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Taylor & Francis in Postgraduate Medicine
- Vol. 66 (3) , 165-171
- https://doi.org/10.1080/00325481.1979.11715254
Abstract
Use of alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine during pregnancy can have serious consequences for the fetus, such as low birth weight, congenital anomalies, or even death. Recent epidemiologic and animal studies indicate that these drugs may exert their effect by a number of metabolic and endocrine mechanisms, which are described here.Keywords
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