Bent-Over Vapor Plumes

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Abstract
A theory is developed to predict the behavior of bent-over continuous plumes of substantial moisture content in the atmosphere. Main interest is focussed on the prediction of condensation. It is found that in a well-mixed environment, under appropriate conditions, a finite portion of the plume may contain some liquid-phase water, beginning to condense at some distance from the source and re-evaporating at some larger distance. Plumes, which are initially saturated and contain some liquid, will begin to re-evaporate immediately on release, provided that the environment is not saturated and that the excess temperature of the plume is smaller than a given limit (of the order of 20F at 65% relative humidity). The direct dynamical effects of evaporation and condensation of plume path are found to be minor. In a stratified environment the calculations become more complex but the above conclusions are fundamentally unchanged (except perhaps that then may be several finite portions of the plume exciting condensation).

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