This is a report on the psychoanalytic treatment of 15 peptic ulcer patients. There are 3 objectives (1) Terminating the acute attack of ulcer distress inducing the ulcer to heal: (2) Preventing recurrences of the ulcer or the development of complications, and (3) The amelioration of the underlying emotional disorder of which the ulcer represents the somatic end-result. The conflict present in all cases showed that the gastro-intestinal symptoms represented an attempt to be cared for, to be fed; that they further represented an oral attack on a devouring of, the frustrator and a plea of helplessness in the face of anticipated counter-attack and abandonment. This conflict was handled by variations in the stress laid on the degree of repression, hostility, aggression and self-punishment. All 15 cases were referred for psychoanalysis in the hope of a cure specifically for their peptic ulcer. All of these patients were suffering from the same neurosis. This study showed that the psychoneurosis and ulcer were parts of the same illness, and not 2 unrelated conditions. Passive dependency wishes were present but unacceptable and thus strongly repressed. Ten of our patients responded to and accepted long-term analysis; other 5 accepted it in varying degrees. These patients have had a 10 to 23 year follow-up. The 10 cases that completed their analyses were cured of their peptic ulcers and neuroses and have had no recurrences. The 5 cases that did not complete their analyses, all have retained their neuroses and all continue to have intestinal symptoms even though 3 of these 5 have had a resection of their peptic ulcer. The conclusion is that in peptic ulcer cases successfully treated the lesion of the upper gastro-intestinal tract is but one manifestation of an emotional illness involving the total personality. In these peptic ulcer cases occurring in severely neurotic patients, deep psychoanalytic treatment was indicated.