Abstract
Since the colonial days of the nineteenth century, there has been an extended campaign by regionally dominant peoples to integrate and assimilate the Bakonjo and Baamba peoples of the Ruwemori Mountains of Uganda. The Bakonjo and Baamba’ have reacted to this statist policy with a variety of responses ranging from resistance to cooperation. This article discusses the interaction of Uganda with the Bakonjo and Baamba—the struggle between an indigenous people seeking autonomy and a state attempting to usurp indigenous political power in the context of a broad “nation‐building” process and sometimes under the pretext of a national security crisis. An examination of the historical background, precolonial political structure, and stages of colonial conquest in the Ruwenzori Mountains serves to illustrate the long‐term relationship that has resulted in the steady erosion of Bakonjo‐Baamba identity and power.

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