Time and Frequency (Time-Domain) Characterization, Estimation, and Prediction of Precision Clocks and Oscillators
- 1 November 1987
- journal article
- Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control
- Vol. 34 (6) , 647-654
- https://doi.org/10.1109/t-uffc.1987.26997
Abstract
A tutorial review of some time-domain methods of char- acterizing the performance of precision clocks and oscillators is pre- sented. Characterizing both the systematic and random deviations is considered. The Allan variance and the modified Allan variance are defined, and methods of utilizing them are presented along with ranges and areas of applicability. The standa,rd deviation is contrasted and shoun not to be. in general. a good measure for precision clocks and oscillators. Once a proper characterization model has been developed, then optimum estimation and prediction techniques can be employed. Some important cases are illustrated. As precision clocks and oscilla- tors become increasingly important in society. communication of their characteristics and specifications among the vendors, manufacturers. design engineers. managers, and metrologists of this equipment be- comes increasingI> important.Keywords
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