Preliminary study of D-dimer as a possible marker of acute bowel ischaemia

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Abstract
Background: Occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) demands prompt recognition and diagnosis. No accurate diagnostic method is available. The aim of this study was to determine whether the fibrinolytic marker D-dimer is a useful early marker of acute bowel ischaemia. Methods: Fourteen patients suspected of having acute bowel ischaemia were analysed for an increase in plasma D-dimer level. Results: Six patients had embolic or thrombotic occlusion of the SMA and all had significantly higher D-dimer levels than those without thromboembolic occlusion (P < 0·05). Four patients with strangulation of the small bowel due to adhesions and one with a ruptured aortic aneurysm also had raised D-dimer values. Conclusion: In patients with suspected thromboembolic occlusive disease of the SMA, a raised level of D-dimer indicated the presence of acute bowel ischaemia, whatever the cause. A more extensive prospective study is needed to evaluate a potential survival benefit using the test as a marker of the need for urgent laparotomy.