Comparison of 18F-FDG PET and MRI in Assessment of Uterine Smooth Muscle Tumors

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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to prospectively determine whether combined MRI and 18F-FDG PET is more accurate than MRI in assessing nonbenign uterine smooth muscle tumors (USMTs). Methods: Seventy patients (mean age, 49 ± 10 y; range, 28–77 y) suspected of having nonbenign USMTs underwent both MRI and 18F-FDG PET before surgery. Results were evaluated using receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) analyses and the Cochran Q test. Results: The area under the ROC curve for MRI with 18F-FDG PET was significantly higher than that for MRI (0.97 vs. 0.89, P < 0.05). Although multiple comparisons using the Cochran Q test were not significant, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for MRI with 18F-FDG PET with probable nonbenign USMT cases considered to be positive were higher than those for MRI (93.3% vs. 73.3%; 92.7% vs. 85.5%; and 92.9% vs. 82.9%, respectively). Conclusion: MRI with 18F-FDG PET is useful in assessing nonbenign USMTs, as compared with MRI.