Andreev Reflections and Current Voltage Characteristics of SNS-Junctions

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Abstract
The Andreev reflected, accelerated electron-hole wave packet solutions of the time-dependent Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations for a three-dimensional, phase-coherent superconductor-normal metal-superconductor junction in a uniform electric field are used in order to calculate the total time-averaged current density of the system at any temperature below Tc. Scattering from impurities and phonons is taken into account in the relaxation time approximation. The theory yields the excess current experimentally observed in weak links at “high” voltages eV≫Δ (Δ=pair potential). At low voltages eV≪Δ the current voltage characteristic corresponds to the so-called “foot” of variable-thickness microconstrictions. In the intermediate voltage range eV≃Δ subharmonic energy gap structures are obtained.

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