Endotoxin‐stimulated peritoneal macrophages obtained from continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients show an increased capacity to release interleukin‐1βin vitro during infectious peritonitis

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Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) release by peritoneal macrophages obtained from patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) was studied in nine patients during an infection-free period and eight patients during an infectious peritonitis, using an ELISA for IL- 1β. Without exogenous stimulation with LPS, peritoneal macrophages from infected and unin-fected patients released the same amounts of IL-lβ, 183pM40 pg ml-1 24 h-1) per 106 cells (means + SEM) and 251 pM 6 pg ml-1, respectively. However, in response to a dose of 5 μg ml-1 of LPS, peritoneal macrophages released significantly more (P < 0.005) IL-1β during peritonitis (6579 β 2793 pg ml-1 24 h-1 per 106 cells) compared with the infection-free period (1040 pM 182 pg ml-1). These findings show that after microbial invasion of the peritoneal cavity, peritoneal macrophages are primed in vivo to release an increased amount of IL-lβin vitro after subsequent exogenous stimulation with LPS, indicating that peritoneal mac-rophage activation for IL-1β secretion occurs in steps.,