Hormonal Modifications of Social Behavior

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Abstract
The authors report the shifts in dominance-subordination status which obtained between 2 [male] chimpanzees when the sex-hormone level of one of the members of the pair was systematically modified. The effects of [male] and [female] sex-hormone administration on dominance status of a [male] -castrate were studied in a food-competition situation. The dominance status of the castrate was enhanced by [male] sex-hormone therapy; the castrate assumed subordinate status as a result of the administration of [female] sex-hormone. Well-established habits of social response were acquired by the animals, and tended to persist after cessation of hormone administration. The persistent habits of response could be modified and eventually reversed by appropriate hormone treatment.

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