Indian monsoon and North Atlantic Oscillation signals reflected by Cl– and Na+ in a shallow ice core from Dasuopu glacier, Xixabangma, Himalaya

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Abstract
Information about past atmospheric circulation and climate change can be revealed by the chemical constituents of ice cores. Based on the analytical results of Cl– and Na+ concentrations in an 18.5 m ice core, which contains 14 annual layers, from the Dasuopu glacier, central Himalaya, a significant correlation is found between Cl– and Na+ concentrations. This, along with the average Cl–/Na+ weight ratio of 1.9, indicates that moisture at the drilling site came mostly from oceans. Furthermore, there was a high positive correlation between the Cl–/Na+ ratio in the summer monsoon layers and the monsoon rainfall in northeast India, and there exists a teleconnection between the Cl– and Na+ concentrations in this shallow ice core and the North Atlantic Oscillation.