Urine nitrogen as an independent validatory measure of dietary intake: a study of nitrogen balance in individuals consuming their normal diet

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Abstract
In order to determine the value of 24 h urine nitrogen (N) excretion as a way of validating dietary methods of measuring protein intake in individuals, daily N intake and excretion has been measured in eight healthy subjects while consuming their usual, varying, diets for 28 days. Daily duplicates of all food eaten were obtained and consecutive 24 h collections of urine and feces were made throughout and analyzed for N by the Kjeldahl method. The completeness of the 24 h urine collections was verified by the use of PABA and of feces by radiopaque pellets. N losses in blood and from the skin were measured. The within person variation in dietary intake ranged from 14 to 26% (coefficient of variation, CV) while urine N was more constant, varying from 11 to 18% (CV) within individuals. In these subjects eight 24 h urine collections, verified for their completeness, were sufficient to estimate dietary N intake to within 81 ± 5% (SD) as assessed by 18 day dietary records.