Physical models on deep penetration welding with emphasis on fluid dynamics

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Abstract
In the early sixties, investigations in laser welding were started. Since then, parallel to the experimental work, physical models have been developed in order to get an enhanced understanding of the process. Especially since the time of industrial use, the growing interest in laser welding has led to an increasing number of models. In the first years, the models just treated the calculation of heat conduction. In those models solutions of the heat conduction equation, which had been found in the forties and fifties, were applied to laser welding. Some of these solutions had been found treating conventional and electron-beam welding. Duley was the first who put these models together and arranged them thematically in his book published in 1976. Some further review articles appeared later on with emphasis on different topics and with different structures. This article again is structured thematically in order to form a picture of the process -- how it is seen today.

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