X-Ray and Magnetic Analyses of Deformed Silicon Steel Rings

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Abstract
Flat rings cut from sheet silicon steel by grinding and etching, so as best to preserve the properties of uncut sheet, were clamped between dies that bent them to fit more or less closely over a toroidal plunger and allowed, under these conditions, testing of circumferential magnetization and taking of x-ray diffraction patterns (Laue type) at one point on the most deformed circle. Slight deformation temporarily shifts and elongates the Laue spots and depresses the magnetization curve. More severe deformation permanently displaces some Laue spots, although the crystals in their new orientations are not permanently strained. The magnetization curve is permanently depressed, and it is suggested that this is due to changes at grain boundaries not recorded by the x-ray method. Very severe deformation leaves some crystals strained, as shown by x-rays, and the permanent changes in magnetic properties are nearly as great as the temporary changes. The changes in shape of Laue spots in coarse-grained rings agrees at all stages with bending of strained crystals about axes lying in the original plane of the sheet. Specimens cut from partly annealed sheets that had previously been given various reductions in thickness by cold rolling showed parallel but rather erratic changes in magnetic hardness, measured by inverse maximum permeability, and x-ray strains, measured by range in angles of incidence on single crystals.

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