Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae of Southern Ontario Ferns and Fern-Allies

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Abstract
Thirty-nine species and varieties of common Pteridophytes of southern Ontario were surveyed for the presence of VAM [vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae]. The sporophytes of the 3 Equisetum spp. and the 2 Lycopodium spp. examined were usually non-VA mycorrhizal. The 2 spp. of Botrychium were extensively VA mycorrhizal, while the Filicales were in general moderately colonized, though plants from isolated rock outcroppings and crevices were often non-VA mycorrhizal. These observations are discussed in light of Baylis'' theory of root morphology and mycotrophism. Various root-inhabiting fungi which could be confused with VAM are illustrated.