Surface medication for gauge theories in two dimensions

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Abstract
When surface terms cannot be neglected, the usual canonical formalism is plagued by a host of ambiguities and inconsistencies. We review these problems in the context of the massive Schwinger model, and present a complete cure effected by a well-chosen dynamical surface term. In the presence of the surface term, the canonical formulation can again be naive. We also offer an introductory application of the method to the non-Abelian case: In a box, only singlet states are possible. The "new" singlet states involve surface excitation and may not survive the large-box limit.

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