Biology and Behavior of the Spear-Marked Black Moth, Rheumaptera hastata, in Interior Alaska1

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Abstract
The spear-marked black moth, Rheumaptera hastata (L.), is a geometrid defoliator of birch in the northern United States, Canada, and Alaska. An outbreak occurred in interior Alaska from 1974-75 over an area of 2.7 million acres. Adult moths are black and white in color and emerge in early June from the overwintering pupal stage. Oviposition occurs in early June, and the larval stage extends from mid-June-mid-August. Pupation begins the latter part of July in the leaf litter. Pupal parasitism and several larval diseases accounted for a 90-95% decline in the population in August 1975.

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