Hydrothermal Synthesis of Submicron SnO Crystallites

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Abstract
SnO crystallites having a size ranging 0.1–0.2 μm were synthesized by a hydrothermal process, which consisted of prolonged solution aging under pH = 1.0, followed by hydrothermal treatment under pH = 9 to 10 at 75–95 °C. Oxidation of Sn+2 to Sn+4 during the hydrothermal stage was effectively inhibited by increasing the solution-aging time. This was attributed to the formation, upon aging, of polymeric hydrous SnO colloids, which are more oxidation resistant than aquo-hydroxo tin complex monomers. For solutions with a sufficiently long (≥240 h) aging time, the SnO yield increased with increasing pH and temperature during the hydrothermal treatment.