Effect of Sulfur on the High-Density Magnetic Properties of Oriented 3¼% Silicon Steel

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Abstract
Although it is generally accepted that sulfur remaining in oriented silicon steel after final treatment has a harmful effect on the magnetic properties, the effects have not been determined quantitatively. It was the object of the present investigation to determine quantitatively those effects. Core loss is decreased in the range 0.018% to 0.004% sulfur by 0.002 W/lb/15 kG/60 for each thousandth of a percent of sulfur removed. At 17 and 18 kG, the losses in the range of 0.018% to 0.008% sulfur are reduced by 0.005 and 0.006 W/lb/60, respectively; and by 0.012 and 0.016 W/lb/60, respectively, in the range 0.008% to 0.004% sulfur for each thousandth of a percent of sulfur removed. Permeability is increased in the range 0.018% to 0.004% sulfur by 400, 105, 25, and 1 for 15, 17, and 18 kG and 10 Oe, respectively, for each thousandth of a percent of sulfur removed. It is theorized that the breaks in the core loss curves for 17 and 18 kG at 0.008% sulfur are related to sulfur removal in a heterogeneous diffusion system in which a surface zone of the steel becomes virtually free of domain‐blocking sulfides at about 0.008% sulfur. When this zone reaches a depth comparable to the width of domains, a change in the slope of the curve results.

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