Conditional Discrimination Learning in Patients With Bilateral Medial Temporal Lobe Amnesia.

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Abstract
The ability of bilateral medial temporal lobe amnesic patients (MT; n=8) and normal participants (NC; n=8) to acquire a conditional discrimination in trace and delay eyeblink conditioning paradigms was investigated. Experiment 1 assessed trace conditional discrimination learning by using a light conditional stimulus (S+/S-) and tone conditioned stimulus (CS) separated by a 1-s trace. NCs responded differentially on S+ trials (mean percent conditioned responses=66) versus S- trials (30). Whereas MTs were impaired in their acquisition of the conditional discrimination (S+ =51, S- =43). In Experiment 2, the temporal separation was eliminated. NCs acquired the conditional discrimination (S+ =70, S- =29). MTs were unable to respond differentially (S+ =42, S- =37). The findings indicate that the hippocampal system is essential in acquiring a conditional discrimination, even in a delay paradigm.