Cytoplasmically Inherited Male Sterility Characters and Flavor Components from the Species Cross Brassica nigra (L) Koch x B. oleracea L.1

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Abstract
F1 plants of Brassica nigra (L) Koch (black mustard) ♀ х B. oleracea L. (broccoli) ♂ were treated with colchicine to produce the amphidiploid (4n) and reduced to the diploid level (2n) by repeated backcrosses with broccoli pollen, thus placing the B. oleracea genome in B. nigra cytoplasm. These progenies after the third backcross were identical with broccoli in appearance but were different in their content of sulfur oils (isothiocyanates) and therefore had a different flavor, cooked or raw. Reciprocal crosses showed maternal inheritance. It is proposed that types developed from this material containing B. nigra cytoplasm be identified by the addition of “n” to the type name, as “broccolin”. From outcrosses of these early generations by cabbage, two cytoplasmically inherited male sterility systems have been isolated which are expressed only in nigra cytoplasm. A petaloid sterility in which the stamens are transformed to petals or carpels with absence of nectaries is conditioned by a single recessive gene p. Petaloid plants are Npp. Maintainer lines (Opp) for this have been isolated from cabbage and marrow-stem kale. Vestigial anther sterility (vs) in which the anthers remain rudimentary, does not cause other flower abnormality, including nectary formation, and seed is set freely. Vestigial plants are only tentatively considered as N vs vs because its manner of inheritance is not yet clear. Preliminary evidence suggests that p is epistatic to vs, and that either can be transferred to other stocks. A highly fertile vigorous B. carinata A. Br. (n=17) amphidiploid was isolated in the second generation.

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