Spontaneous polarisation and transition temperature of a ferroelectric measured by a simple and accurate method

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Abstract
A method for measuring the spontaneous polarisation and the dielectric constant as a function of the temperature of ferroelectric materials is presented. It is based on the extrapolation of the saturated (linear) part of the hysteresis loop. This extrapolation can be easily and accurately carried out by means of simple electronic circuits. Results of measurements at triglycine sulphate are given, as well as a detailed description of the electronic circuits. The systematic error in the spontaneous polarisation caused by the measurement at nonzero electric field is discussed and a suitable correction procedure is given.

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