The environmental fate of organophosphorus nerve agents: A review
- 1 February 1995
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Taylor & Francis in Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry
- Vol. 47 (3-4) , 155-184
- https://doi.org/10.1080/02772249509358137
Abstract
This review evaluates the environmental fate of three extremely toxic chemical warfare agents containing the organophosphonate moiety: sarin, soman, and VX. The nerve agents and their more persistent degradation products, the alkyl methylphosphonates, may undergo hydrolysis, catalyzed reactions in solution or on solid phases, volatilization, photolysis, biodegradation, and reactions in soils. Although the current data are limited, degradation rates are estimated and applied to a simple first order fate model.Keywords
This publication has 90 references indexed in Scilit:
- THE REACTION OF ALKANEPHOSPHONIC ACID ESTERS WITH METALSPhosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements, 1989
- Chemical and mutagenic analysis of aminomethylphosphonate biodegradationJournal of the American Chemical Society, 1987
- Calculating fugacityEnvironmental Science & Technology, 1981
- A Kinetic Study of the Copper(II) Chelate Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Diisopropyl PhosphorofluoridateJournal of the American Chemical Society, 1963
- Hydrolytic Tendencies of Metal Chelate Compounds. V. Hydrolysis and Dimerization of Copper(II) Chelates of 1,2-Diamines1Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1959
- Kinetics of Some Metal Ion-catalyzed Hydrolyses of Isopropyl Methylphosphonofluoridate (GB) at 25°Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1958
- The Chlorine-catalyzed Hydrolysis of Isopropyl Methylphosphonofluoridate (Sarin) in Aqueous SolutionJournal of the American Chemical Society, 1956
- KINETICS OF THE ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF SARINCanadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology, 1956
- 477. The hydrolysis of phosphonate estersJournal of the Chemical Society, 1956
- Preparation and Determination of Apparent Dissociation Constants of Some Alkylphosphonic and Dialkylphosphinic Acids1Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1953