Changes of plasmolysis form in epidermal cells of Hordeum vulgare infected by Erysiphe graminis: evidence for increased membrane–wall adhesion

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Abstract
When coleoptile epidermal tissues of H. vulgare were plasmolyzed with .alpha.-methylglucose or mannitol, 24-72 h after inoculation with E. graminis f. sp. hordei, host protoplasts tended to pull away from one or more sites on longitudinal host cell walls producing a concave pocket at each site. This contrasted with the usual convex form of plasmolysis in uninfected tissue in which protoplasts pulled from the short transversal end walls of host cells forming protoplasts with convex ends. The tendency for concave plasmolysis encompassed entire inoculated areas at 5 colonies/mm2 and above. The concave response occurred in coleoptiles inoculated 7-12 days after planting, but not in ones inoculated at 5 days. It occurred in 4 of 5 barley lines tested at 48 h postinoculation. Treatment before plasmolysis with 10 mM Ca2+ promoted the disease-induced concavities; treatment with 15 .mu.M K+ partially inhibited them. The concave form is plasmolyzed infected tissue was changed to the convex form by addition of 250 .mu.M octylguanine to the plasmolyticum or by replacement of .alpha.-methylglucose with isosmolar urea or methyl urea solutions. E. graminis infection probably increased adhesion of the host plasmalemma to the cell wall, probably as a consequence of change in membrane structure and bridging by Ca2+ ions.

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