The Friction Coefficient for Shallow Flows over a Simulated Turf Surface

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Abstract
An incomplete understanding of the friction coefficient of rough surfaces is one of the limiting factors in the application of the basic momentum and continuity equations to the modeling of overland flow. Experiments on steady, uniform flows in the laminar and transitional regions over a simulated turf surafce provide the data required to investigate the general hydraulic roughness properties of natural turf, and the particular parameters that are likely to influence the friction coefficient. Since boundary geometry depends on flow depth, it is erroneous to disregard this factor when considering the relationship between friction coefficient and Reynolds number. By maintaining constant depths while varying the Reynolds number, the separate effects of boundary geometry and Reynolds number on the friction coefficient are demonstrated. The results, which are presented in the form of a friction coefficient chart, may be rationally explained if the simulated turf is considered to be a complex porous medium in which the boundary geometry is variable.

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