The use of needle‐trace method (NTM) in retrospectively detecting Lophodermella needle‐cast epidemic

Abstract
The recently developed needle‐trace method (NTM) was successfully used to verify retrospectively the occurrence of a well‐documented needle‐cast epidemic caused by Lophodermella sulcigena in the 5‐year period of 1977–1981 in a stand of Pinus sylvestris.