A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of the Measurement of Collective Efficacy: The Development of a Short Form

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Abstract
The present study reports on the development of a 12-item Likert-type measure of collective efficacy in schools. Designed to assess the extent to which a faculty believes in its conjoint capability to positively influence student learning, the scale is based on a social cognitive model that posits perceptions of collective efficacy develop from the cognitive processing of group members. Faculty perceptions of group competence and the level of difficulty inherent in the educational task faced by the school are tapped by the scale. The 12-item scale is more theoretically pure than an earlier 21-item scale to which the 12-item scale is compared. The internal consistency of scores on the 12-item scale is tested with Cronbach’s alpha, and a test of predictive validity using multilevel modeling is reported.