Electrical resistivity of minerals and rocks at high temperature and pressure

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Abstract
After a general discussion of semiconductor and dielectric physics, experimental data on the dependence of electrical resistivity of different minerals on their cation composition within a wide temperature interval (up to 1100°C) are described. The different types of dependence of resistivity on pressure are noted for minerals with a predominantly ionic type of electrical conductivity and for those whose conductivity depends on changes in valence of iron cations. Experimental data are presented that show the changes of electrical resistivity of minerals due to polymorphism, dehydration, and carbonate decomposition. Next the results of studies of the resistivity of water‐saturated sedimentary rocks at high pressures and temperatures are described. Data are given on (1) the effect of porosity, pore configuration, mineral composition, concentration of electrolyte, content of clay, type of cement, and type of cementation on the relationship between resistivity and pressure, ρ = f(P) and (2) the resistivity of water‐saturated magmatic rocks at high temperatures (up to 260°C) and pressures (up to 1.5 kbar). The dependence of resistivity of different groups of rocks on their mineral and chemical composition and on their structure under conditions of high temperature and pressure is analyzed. Finally, basic trends are indicated of interest for geophysics and for the use of experimental data on electrical properties of minerals.