Intense surface photoemission: Space charge effects and self-acceleration

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Abstract
Ultraviolet laser irradiation of surfaces, in the course of photoemission or surface photochemical studies, often produce copious electron emission, up to 1000’s of A/cm2. The time-dependent fields produced by these electrons accelerate some of the electrons up to 5.4 times their initial energies. The steady-state fields return most of the emitted electrons to the surface. We discuss and illustrate both phenomena with theoretical simulations and experiment, and discuss possible implications.