Regulation of the bacterial microflora of the vagina in cyclic female rats

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Abstract
The bacterial microflora was examined in the vagina of cyclic female rats kept under normal laboratory conditions. Large variations occurred during the cycle with high numbers of bacteria (105‐108 per vagina) during proestrus and estrus and low numbers (101‐104 per vagina) during the diestrus period. Histological analysis of in situ vaginal tissue and transplanted vaginal tissue revealed an association of high bacterial numbers with the presence of large amounts of cellular debris in the vaginal lumen during the period of epithelial keratinization. Absence of phagocytosis in leucocytes at metestrus suggested that leucocytes did not play an active role in reduction of bacterial numbers between estrus and metestrus. Accurate measurement of the pH in the vaginal lumen failed to reveal differences which could explain the reduction in bacterial numbers between estrus and metestrus. The cyclic changes in the bacterial population–consisting of species which are normally present in the intestinal flora–seem to be controlled by cyclic changes in the amounts of cellular debris in the vaginal lumen.