The bidirectional promoter of two genes for the mitochondrial translational apparatus in mouse is regulated by an array of CCAAT boxes interacting with the transcription factor NF-Y

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Abstract
The genes for mitoribosomal protein S12 ( Mrps12 ) and mitochondrial seryl-tRNA ligase ( Sarsm and Sars2 ) are oppositely transcribed from a conserved promoter region of Mrps12 . Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and in vivo footprinting confirmed the importance of these promoter elements as sites of protein-binding, and EMSA supershift and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays identified NF-Y as the key transcription factor involved, revealing a common pattern of protein–DNA interactions in all tissues tested (liver, brain, heart, kidney and 3T3 cells). The inherently bidirectional activity of NF-Y makes it an especially suitable factor to govern promoters of this class, whose expression is linked to cell proliferation.