Abnormalities in Seed Development in Pistacia vera L.1

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Abstract
In the pistachio cv. Kerman an average of 26% of the fruits contain no seeds or only poorly developed ones at maturity. A study of aberrations revealed; a) pollen tubes sometimes entered the embryo sacs at the chalazal end (the pistachio is chalazogamous), which may result in eventual degeneration of endosperm or zygote nuclei; b) frequent degeneration of zygote (or egg) or young endosperm nuclei from unknown causes; c) occurrence of a brown spot on the funiculus of many young seeds in some years, the necrosis usually spreading to the embryo sac; d) and hypertrophy of nucellar cells in some older seeds was frequently accompanied by proliferation of other nucellar cells, both limiting development of embryo and endoperm. In cv. Bronte a frequent aberration is protrusion of endosperm or embryo through a greatly distended endostome.

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